Implementación y Evaluación de una Interfaz entre el Software Open-Source de un Controlador Lógico Programable Virtual y los Pines Entrada/Salida de Propósito General de la Máquina Anfitriona

The Bachelor Thesis focuses on developing an interface between virt-Soft-PLC and physical hardware GPIO-Pins of the host machine based on existing code for a different interface. For this purpose, an existing interface between virt-Soft-PLC (Awlsim) has been used as template for the new interface. As foundation of the work the mapping of the I/O between Host-Operating System (Hypervisor) and GuestOperating System (Virtual Machine with Soft-PLC) has been configured. The objective is the reading of a digital signal trough this port, the signal must be read in the virtual machine to be receive by the PLC software that works in this virtual machine. To read the signal the host machine Kernel has been modified, because the project requires Real Time. The I/O pins mapping between the Host and the Guest machine must be configured to exchange the signal between them.El trabajo se centra en el desarrollo de una interfaz entre el software virtual del PLC y los pines de entrada/salida de propósito general de la máquina anfitriona, en concreto, el ordenador embebido ARK-1550, que cuenta con un puerto con pines de entrada/salida Digital. La interfaz está basada en el código de una interfaz existente llamada Awlsim. El objetivo consiste en la lectura de una señal digital a través de dicho puerto, la señal debe ser leída en la máquina virtual para posteriormente ser recibida por el software del PLC que funciona en la misma. Para la lectura de la señal ha sido necesario modificar el Kernel de la máquina anfitriona, puesto que el proyecto requiere el uso de tiempo real. La configuración del mapeo de los pines de entrada y salida entre el sistema operativo de la máquina anfitriona (Hipervisor) y el sistema operativo de la máquina huésped (Máquina Virtual con el software del PLC) debe ser implementada para poder realizar el intercambio de una señal física entre ambas máquinas.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Ingeniería Electrónica, Robótica y Mecatrónic

5GNOW: Challenging the LTE Design Paradigms of Orthogonality and Synchronicity

LTE and LTE-Advanced have been optimized to deliver high bandwidth pipes to wireless users. The transport mechanisms have been tailored to maximize single cell performance by enforcing strict synchronism and orthogonality within a single cell and within a single contiguous frequency band. Various emerging trends reveal major shortcomings of those design criteria: 1) The fraction of machine-type-communications (MTC) is growing fast. Transmissions of this kind are suffering from the bulky procedures necessary to ensure strict synchronism. 2) Collaborative schemes have been introduced to boost capacity and coverage (CoMP), and wireless networks are becoming more and more heterogeneous following the non-uniform distribution of users. Tremendous efforts must be spent to collect the gains and to manage such systems under the premise of strict synchronism and orthogonality. 3) The advent of the Digital Agenda and the introduction of carrier aggregation are forcing the transmission systems to deal with fragmented spectrum. 5GNOW is an European research project supported by the European Commission within FP7 ICT Call 8. It will question the design targets of LTE and LTE-Advanced having these shortcomings in mind and the obedience to strict synchronism and orthogonality will be challenged. It will develop new PHY and MAC layer concepts being better suited to meet the upcoming needs with respect to service variety and heterogeneous transmission setups. Wireless transmission networks following the outcomes of 5GNOW will be better suited to meet the manifoldness of services, device classes and transmission setups present in envisioned future scenarios like smart cities. The integration of systems relying heavily on MTC into the communication network will be eased. The per-user experience will be more uniform and satisfying. To ensure this 5GNOW will contribute to upcoming 5G standardization.Comment: Submitted to Workshop on Mobile and Wireless Communication Systems for 2020 and beyond (at IEEE VTC 2013, Spring

First application of carbon-based screen-printed electrodes for the voltammetric determination of the organic UV filters oxybenzone and octocrylene

A new voltammetric methodology is proposed for the simultaneous determination of the organic UV filters oxybenzone (benzophenone 3, BP3) and octocrylene (OC) in personal care products and in wastewater extracts.It is based on previous adsorptive stripping voltammetric (AdSV) methods developed for hanging mercury drop electrodes, adapted to the special characteristics of carbon-based screen-printed electrodes. Among the carbon substrates tested, regular carbon screen-printed devices exhibited the best performance, with detection limits of 4.8 and 6.6 μmol L−1 and linearity ranges of 16-400 and 22-400 μmol L−1 for BP3 and OC, respectively, and, as compared to mercury electrodes, with the advantages of environmental safety, easy of use, low cost and compatibility with automation and flow measurements. The methodology has been successfully tested in real samples and compared to the standard methodology by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS)